Specific, sensitive, precise, and rapid functional chromogenic assay of activated first complement component (C1) in plasma.

We present a new functional assay for the first complement component (C1) in plasma, based on its activation by inhibition of the C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-inh) when monospecific antiserum to C1-inh is added to the plasma. After maximal activation, we can determine the concentration of activated C1 by using an amidolytic rate assay with a chromogenic substrate. We have optimized the assay conditions with respect to incubation time, concentration of antiserum to C1-inh, ionic strength, and pH. Our method determines specifically the concentration in plasma of free activated C1, not complexes of activated C1 with C1-inh, and is not influenced by the concentration of C1-inh in the test sample. Concentrations of C1 correlated significantly with activities determined by a hemolytic assay (r = 0.55, t = 4.09, P less than 0.001). The estimated interassay CV was 5% and the intra-assay CV was 1%. The sensitivity, imprecision, and practical test performance of our assay are superior to those of conventionally used hemolytic assays.